A range of challenges have been reported in the literature, including shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ( 2), deficiencies in staffing and compensation ( 3), inability to maintain physical distancing due to nature of job ( 4), and fear of acquiring the infection and passing it to family members ( 5). Nurses across the globe have been struggling with multiple and compounding challenges since the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic ( 1). Furthermore, this study emphasizes that group interventions with other healthcare practitioners and the role of on-going longer WhatsApp-based interventions can become integral tools to support continued learning and patient safety practices. This study highlights the effectiveness of online-based digital interventions as a convenient training tool for awareness and management of infectious diseases, leadership, and communication during COVID-19 and beyond. The analysis reveals that nurses in the intervention group show significantly better results for learning in “infection prevention and control” and “leadership and communication.” Results of a content analysis based on participant's feedback also confirm that the WhatsApp-based intervention is a valuable tool for education. A 12-week intervention was delivered to 208 nurses (102 in the control group and 106 in the intervention group) who had been employed in the clinical setting during data collection. For that reason, we aimed to deliver a WhatsApp-based intervention for continued learning in nurses who are currently working in both private and public sector. Nurses are already neglected professionals for support in training for infection control, leadership, and communication in Pakistan and other developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated support for continued learning in frontline practitioners through online digital mediums that are convenient and fast to maintain physical distancing. 13Bavarian Research Center for Digital Health and Social Care, Kempten University of Applied Sciences, Kempten, Germany.12Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany.11Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.10Department of Sociology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 9School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.8Institute of Public Health, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.7CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
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